Run webserver in current directory; great for trying a website quickly:
$ php -S localhost:8080 # now, open http://localhost:8080 in browser
Evaluate PHP code on command-line; great for trying stuff in PHP quickly:
$ php -r 'echo "Hello, World\n";' Hello, World
Start interactive PHP shell; also great for trying stuff in PHP quickly:
$ php -a php > echo 'Hello, World\n'; Hello, World\nphp> // notice that linebreak is ignored...